Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela

As a young student Nelson Mandela got to the ANC. He was unhappy with the depression of the black majority and wanted to get the same political and social rights. Two years later, in 1944, he and some friends formed the ANC Youth League, because they thought the ANC was too less effective. After the won election of the national party in 1948, and the beginning of the apartheid, Mandela became chairman of the ANC in Transval and three years later he became president of the ANC Youth League. He opened a law firm with Oliver Tambo and was involved in “The Congress of the People” in 1955, which was the base of the adprion of the freedom charta. He was also involved in the Mandela plan, which was a resistance concept for anti-apartheid. After the Scharpville-Massacre in 1960, the ANC and Mandela decided, that it was time for armed resistance. He became leader of the armed department and there on he left South Africa and travelled illegally in other African countries. In 1962 he was captured and sent to prison for five years, because of his illegal travels and the calls to strike. And on the 12 June of 1964 he got livelong prison, because of planning armed fights and sabotage.

The major part of his punishment, Mandela spent on Robben Island, a little island in the Atlantic Ocean in front of Kapstadt. On the 11 February 1990 Mandela was freed on the command of president Frederick de Klerk, who cancelled the ban of the ANC at the same time. Mandela and de Klerk got the Nobel Peace Price in 1993 and in 1994 the ANC won the first democratic elections, like in the following years.  From 1991 to 1997 Nelson Mandela was president and tried to lead the society away from Apartheid and the ruling of a few. He got international respect for national and international conciliations. 

Internet Research: Repressiv Political Systems

Repressive Political Systems

Communism: The basic idea is very good, everyone has the same chances, the same money and the same rights. But in the implementation it depresses creativity and individualism. The people aren’t discriminated if they are not wealthy and have less good clothes, a littler house or so on, but the people want to be different and not being the same all the time. And so there are others, who want to lead the population and take the advantages as politicians.

So at the end, there are a few rich ones and the poor majority.

Nazism: it is a radically anti-semitic, racist, anti-communist and anti-democratic ideology and political movement. It caused millions of dead since the beginning of the Second World War and the Holocaust. But it is current these days as the banned Neo-Nazism. It was formed in the poor times after the First World War and became famous very fast. It says, that there is only one people, which is allowed  to live in Germany and that the others are less worth.

At the same time the leader, Adolf Hitler, wanted to expand the third german kingdom all over the world.

Fascism: It was in the first half of the 20^th century a form of government in many European countries. It was reigned as a dictatorship and against democracy. Only one party was allowed and people, who didn’t supported them were imprisoned and murdered. There was whether  freedom press nor a free press. Italian, Spain and too Hungary, Austria and Croatia are known to had a fascistic government. The Nazism is a especially brutal form of Fascism, where people were killed systematically.

InterRail

Internet Projekt

InterRail

 

1)      For Dave, the InterRail Global Pass is the best option. He has to travel through three countries and with a special  pass  he can travel ten days within twenty-two days, which is optimal, because he stays with friends, Dave has to pay 257€.

2)      Sally needs the Global Pass too, she wants to travel from Dublin through Europe and the best pass is one, which allows her to travel every day within a month, it will cost her 422€.

3)      Bob needs a Pass for adults and if he books one country passes for France, Spain and Italy for the second class he will pay all in all 663€ for three months. It`s bad, that you can only book for some days or more within a month, if he would book the global pass for the same time, he would spend much more money. But, if he would stay less time in the countries he would pay maximal 638€ but for one month. He probably takes a pass for 422€, with which he could travel everyday within fifteen days.

 

If I could choose a destination, I would take Italy. I would like to visit the cities Turin, Milan, Pisa, Venice and Rome and then I`d like to make holidays in Bari. So, I would choose two one country passes for Italy for all in all 410€.  With the passes I could travel sixteen days within two months.

Slumdog Millionaire - film review

Slumdog Millionaire film review

Slumdog Millionaire is a film about a 18 year old boy Jamal and his love to Latika. He tries to find her through a TV quiz show and gets popular over the night. Jamal is the first „slumdog“, who was able to answer every question until the last, because the show has to end and it will go on the next evening. After the first evening, he is asked by the police, how he had known the answers. Jamal has to explain them, how he had connected happenings in his childhood with the questions. He had a very bad childhood, but he got to know Latika and fell in love with her as a little boy. The circumstances often had split them up, but Jamal never stopped thinking about her and sees her finally again, after he had to guess the right answer and won the million rupees.

I like the film very much, because it is social critical. It shows the life of street kids and orphans in slums. Often the scenes were very tragically and I was sometimes shocked, how current poverty in India is. The characters in the film have very poor fates. They, Latika, Jamal and his older brother Salim, became orphans during a religious fight and had to live on their own. They can`t go to school anymore and have to work as garbage collectors, in organized begging gang, and many other bad jobs. So they had no chance to get out of the slums and make a carrier anymore. There are very few people, who can get out of the slums, if they were born there.

The film is worth watching it. It`s not as the usual Bollywood film, because of the British director. I don`t even think, that the film would had become popular with an Indian director, because there would be more singing and dance scenes, what maybe  look unprofessional to the Hollywood industry.

It`s too great, that the young actors were real slum kids, that made the film seeming more like reality. For myself, it`s hard to understand, that much people suffer the same fate, like the characters in the film. I would recommend the film, because it is well done and it shows a part of India, which is not often represented in the media.

british food specialities

British specialities

Bubble and squeak

Ingredients:

 Desirée or Romano potatoes (this should be 3 evenly sized potatoes weighing about 5 oz/150 g each)

3 oz (75 g) spring greens or green cabbage (trimmed weight)

 2 oz (50 g) mature Cheddar, coarsely grated

 1 level tablespoon plain flour

1 oz (25 g) butter

 1 dessertspoon olive oil

 salt and freshly milled black pepper

Haggis

Ingridients:

1 sheep's stomach bag

1 sheep's pluck - liver, lungs and heart

3 onions

250g beef Suet

150g oatmeal

salt and black pepper

a pinch of cayenne

150mls of stock/gravy

Scones                                                                         

                                         Ingridients:

          2 c. all purpose flour

       1/3 c. sugar

       1 t. baking powder

        1/4 t. baking soda

         1/2. t. salt

          1 stick unsalted butter, frozen

                                                                    1/2 c. dried currants

                                                                    1/2 c. reduced fat sour cream

                                                                    1 large egg or 1/4 c. egg substitute

                                                                    2 T. milk

                                                                   1t. sugar

Shepherd`s pie

Ingridients:       1 tbsp sunflower oil

                        1 large onion , chopped

2-3 medium carrots , chopped

500g pack minced lamb

2 tbsp tomato purée

large splash Worcestershire sauce

500ml beef stock

900g potatoes , cut into chunks

85g butter

3 tbsp milk

Apple crumble:      

                                     

Ingridients:

8 eating apples , peeled, cored and cubed

6 tbsp Carnation caramel cream (this comes in a can or a squeezy tube)

50g plain flour

50g porridge oats

50g cold butter , diced

Yorkshire pudding:                        

Ingridients:

½ pint plain flour

½ pint milk

6 eggs

a good pinch of salt

groundnut oil or sunflower oil

Welsh rarebit:                   

 Ingridients:

125ml milk

 1 tbsp flour

400g farmhouse cheddar , grated

175g fresh white breadcrumbs

1 heaped tsp English mustard powder

1 tbsp Worcestershire sauce (go for Lea &Perrins)

120ml ale , cider or Guinness (thelast will give a stronger flavour)

 1 egg , plus 1 yolk

6-8 slices, toasted crusty bread

Syllabub:

Ingridients:

284ml carton double cream

4 tbsp icing sugar

200ml Champagne